《效法基督》注脚
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AI-translated. May contain errors. For accurate text, refer to the original English.
中文
《辨喜对〈效法基督〉的注脚》
一八八九年，辨喜（Vivekananda）将托马斯·肯培斯（Thomas à Kempis）《效法基督》第一卷第一章至第六章的选段译成孟加拉文。这些译文连同一篇序言，刊载于一份现已停刊的孟加拉文月刊《文学如意树》（Sâhitya Kalpadruma）。辨喜的序言及孟加拉文译文题为《依主而行》（"Ishânusharana"），后收录于孟加拉文全集（第一版）第六卷第十六至二十八页。然而，英文版全集第八卷仅收录了《效法基督》的序言部分，未收录译文本身。
辨喜的孟加拉文译作中，附有引自印度教经典的脚注，这些引文与肯培斯的思想相互呼应，并附有辨喜的评注与阐释。为便于读者查阅，这些脚注（编号一至十七）已按序附于《效法基督》相应章节的经文之后（以括注形式标明出处），并依照书中各章标题加以整理，以粗体标注，转录如下。
孟加拉文译本中的许多梵文脚注，后来在辨喜讲演或著述过程中被译成了英文。为便于读者了解，这些英译文亦已随复原的脚注原文一并附上。其余未经辨喜翻译的梵文诗偈，则由出版社酌情译出，以便读者理解。
第一书
论效法基督与轻视世间一切虚妄
一、主说："跟从我的，就不在黑暗里走。"（约翰福音八章十二节）（《效法基督》第五章第一节）
辨喜注脚：《薄伽梵歌》（Bhagavad-Gita）七章十四节
दैवी ह्येषा गुणमयी मम माया दुरत्यया ।
मामेव ये प्रपद्यन्ते मायामेतां तरन्ति ते ॥
दैवी ह्येषा गुणमयी मम माया दुरत्यया ।
मामेव ये प्रपद्यन्ते मायामेतां तरन्ति ते ॥
辨喜译文：此我之摩耶，属神圣性，由三德构成，极难超越。然而，凡皈依我者，皆能渡过此生死之河。
二、故当以沉思耶稣基督的生平为我们最大的志业。（《效法基督》第五章第一节）
辨喜注脚：《精神性罗摩衍那》（Adhyâtma Râmâyana）末篇第五章第五十四节（《罗摩歌》）
ध्यात्वैवमात्मानमहर्निशं मुनिः ।
तिष्ठॆत्सदा मुक्तसमस्तबन्धनः ॥
ध्यात्वैवमात्मानमहर्निशं मुनिः ।
तिष्ठॆत्सदा मुक्तसमस्तबन्धनः ॥
出版社译文：如是日夜冥想真我（Atman），愿智者常住，解脱（Moksha）一切束缚。
三、基督的教义超越一切圣贤的教义；凡具有圣灵者，将在其中发现隐藏的吗哪。（《效法基督》第五章第二节）
辨喜注脚：
昔以色列人在旷野中困于饥乏，上帝便赐下一种名为"吗哪"的食物，从天降下，以养活众人。
四、然而，许多常常聆听基督福音的人，却仍鲜少受到感动，因为他们缺乏基督的圣灵。凡欲完全而真切地理解基督话语者，必须竭力使自己的生命与基督的生命完全相符。（《效法基督》第五章第二节）
辨喜注脚（甲）：《薄伽梵歌》二章二十九节
श्रुत्वाप्येनं वेद न चैव कश्चित् ।
श्रुत्वाप्येनं वेद न चैव कश्चित् ।
辨喜译文：有人虽已听闻，却仍不能了知。
न गच्छति विना पानं व्याधिरौषधशब्दतः ।
विनाऽपरॊक्षानुभवं ब्रह्मशब्दैर्न मुच्यतॆ ॥
न गच्छति विना पानं व्याधिरौषधशब्दतः ।
विनाऽपरॊक्षानुभवं ब्रह्मशब्दैर्न मुच्यतॆ ॥
出版社译文：疾病不因口念药名而消退，须亲服其药，方能痊愈。同理，解脱亦非仅以"梵"（Brahman）之名即可获得，梵必须亲身体验，方能证入。
श्रुतॆन किं यॆन न धर्ममाचरॆत् ।
श्रुतॆन किं यॆन न धर्ममाचरॆत् ।
出版社译文：若诵读吠陀（Vedas）而不躬行法（Dharma），诵读又有何益？
五、你若缺乏谦逊，不为三位一体所悦纳，纵然深入辩论三位一体的奥义，又有何用？（《效法基督》第五章第三节）
辨喜注脚：
按基督徒的信仰，圣父、圣灵与圣子，乃三位一体，三而为一，一而为三。
六、诚然，宏伟的言辞不能使人成为圣洁公义之人；惟有德行的生命，才使人蒙上帝喜悦。（《效法基督》第五章第三节）
辨喜注脚：《辨喜冠严论》（Vivekachudamani）第五十八节
वाग्वैखरी शब्दझरी शास्त्रव्याख्यानकौशलम्।
वैदुष्यं विदुषां तद्वद् भुक्तयॆ न तु मुक्तये॥
वाग्वैखरी शब्दझरी शास्त्रव्याख्यानकौशलम्।
वैदुष्यं विदुषां तद्वद् भुक्तयॆ न तु मुक्तये॥
辨喜译文：巧妙的词藻、滔滔的言辞、娴熟地诠释各类经典——这些不过是供博学之士自娱消遣的技艺，而非宗教本身。
七、你纵能将整部圣经背诵如流，熟知一切哲人的格言，若缺乏对上帝的爱与上帝的恩典，又有何益？（《效法基督》第五章第三节）
辨喜注脚：〔仅引用出处〕
——《哥林多前书》十三章二节。
八、"虚空的虚空，凡事都是虚空"（《传道书》），除了爱上帝、单单事奉祂之外。（《效法基督》第五章第三节）
辨喜注脚：《摩尼宝鬘论》（Maniratnamâlâ）
कॆ सन्ति सन्तॊऽखिलवीतरागाः ।
अपास्तमॊहाः शिवतत्त्वनिष्ठाः ॥
कॆ सन्ति सन्तॊऽखिलवीतरागाः ।
अपास्तमॊहाः शिवतत्त्वनिष्ठाः ॥
出版社译文：唯有那些对世间万物毫无贪爱、脱离迷妄、专心皈依湿婆（Shiva）真理者，方可称为圣者（Sâdhus）。
九、常当记取这句箴言："眼看，看不饱；耳听，听不足。"（《效法基督》第五章第五节）
辨喜注脚：〔仅引用出处〕
——《传道书》一章八节。
十、故当竭力从对可见之物的爱慕中抽回你的心，转向那不可见的事物。因为随从私欲者，玷污自己的良心，失去上帝的恩典。（《效法基督》第五章第五节）
辨喜注脚：《摩诃婆罗多》（Mahabharata）二章六十三节
न जातु कामः कामानुपभोगेन शाम्यति ।
हविषा कृष्णवर्त्मॆव भूय एवाभिवर्धते ॥
न जातु कामः कामानुपभोगेन शाम्यति ।
हविषा कृष्णवर्त्मॆव भूय एवाभिवर्धते ॥
辨喜译文：欲望绝不因纵欲而熄灭；如同向火中倾注酥油，欲望只会越燃越旺。
论真理之道
十一、对那些幽暗隐秘之事大加争辩又有何益？在审判之日，我们并不会因不知晓这些事而受到谴责。（《效法基督》第五章第一节）
辨喜注脚：
依基督教的观点，上帝将在末日（即世界消融之日）审判一切众生，并按各人善恶之行，判定其归于天堂或地狱。
十二、聆听永恒之道者，得从诸多纷争中解脱而出。（《效法基督》第五章第二节）
辨喜注脚：
此"道"（Word）与吠檀多（Vedanta）论师所言之"摩耶"（Maya）颇有相通之处。此道自身显现为基督的形象。
论圣经的诵读
十三、在圣经中当追求真理，而非文辞之美。圣经的每一部分，皆应以写作时同一的圣灵加以阅读。（《效法基督》第五章第一节）
नैषा तर्कॆण मतिरापनॆया ।
नैषा तर्कॆण मतिरापनॆया ।
辨喜译文：心灵不应被空洞的辩论所扰动，因为这已不再是辩论的问题，而是事实的问题。
十四、勿因著者的名望或学识深浅而心存偏见，当让对纯粹真理的热爱引导你去阅读。（《效法基督》第五章第一节）
आददीत शुभां विद्यां प्रयत्नादवरादपि ।
आददीत शुभां विद्यां प्रयत्नादवरादपि ।
辨喜译文：即便向出身卑微者，亦当竭诚求取崇高的知识，并以服务相待。
论过度的依附
十五、一个人一旦过度渴望某物，便立即在内心陷入不安。（《效法基督》第五章第一节）
辨喜注脚：《薄伽梵歌》二章六十七节
इन्द्रियाणां हि चरतां यन्मनोऽनु विधीयते ।
तदस्य हरति प्रज्ञां वायुर्नावमिवाम्भसि ॥
इन्द्रियाणां हि चरतां यन्मनोऽनु विधीयते ।
तदस्य हरति प्रज्ञां वायुर्नावमिवाम्भसि ॥
辨喜译文：心随逐奔驰的诸根而转，如狂风将水面上的舟船吹离航道，夺去人的辨别之力。
十六、骄傲与贪婪者永无宁日。贫穷而谦卑于灵的人，则共处于一切平静之中。
一个尚未对自身彻底死去的人，极易在细微琐碎的事上被诱惑而跌倒。（《效法基督》第五章第一节）
辨喜注脚：《薄伽梵歌》二章六十二至六十三节
ध्यायतो विषयान्पुंसः संगस्तेषूपजायते ।
संगात्संजायते कामः कामात्क्रोधोऽभिजायते ॥
क्रोधाद्भवति संमोहः संमोहात्स्मृतिविभ्रमः ।
स्मृतिभ्रंशाद् बुद्धिनाशो बुद्धिनाशात्प्रणश्यति ॥
ध्यायतो विषयान्पुंसः संगस्तेषूपजायते ।
संगात्संजायते कामः कामात्क्रोधोऽभिजायते ॥
क्रोधाद्भवति संमोहः संमोहात्स्मृतिविभ्रमः ।
स्मृतिभ्रंशाद् बुद्धिनाशो बुद्धिनाशात्प्रणश्यति ॥
出版社译文：思念感官对象，便对其生起执著；由执著而生渴望，由渴望而生嗔恚；由嗔恚而生迷妄，由迷妄而生记忆混乱；由记忆混乱导致辨别力毁灭；辨别力一旦毁灭，人便走向灭亡。
十七、肉欲之人的心中没有平静，沉溺于外物者亦然；唯有属灵而虔诚之人，方能得享平静。（《效法基督》第五章第二节）
辨喜注脚：《薄伽梵歌》二章六十节
यततो ह्यपि कौन्तेय पुरुषस्य विपश्चितः ।
इन्द्रियाणि प्रमाथीनि हरन्ति प्रसभं मनः ॥
यततो ह्यपि कौन्तेय पुरुषस्य विपश्चितः ।
इन्द्रियाणि प्रमाथीनि हरन्ति प्रसभं मनः ॥
出版社译文：昆提之子啊，即便是竭力修行的智慧之人，那骚动不安的诸根仍会强行夺走其心。
English
'Swami Vivekananda's Footnotes to The Imitation Of Christ'
In 1889, Swami Vivekananda translated into Bengali selections from Book I, chapters 1-6 of Thomas à Kempis’s The Imitation of Christ. They were published along with a preface in a now-defunct Bengali monthly magazine, Sâhitya Kalpadruma. The Swami’s preface and Bengali translation, entitled “Ishânusharana”, were later published in the Bengali Complete Works (first edition), VI, pp. 16-28. However, only the preface to The Imitation of Christ was published in the English edition of the Complete Works, VIII.
Swami Vivekananda’s partial Bengali translation of The Imitation of Christ includes as footnotes quotations from Hindu scriptures that parallel à Kempis’s ideas, comments or commentary. For the sake of clarity, these footnotes (numbered 1 through 17) have been appended to their respective verses in The Imitation of Christ (indicated in parentheses), arranged under their appropriate chapter headings in the book, and reproduced here in bold.
Many of the Sanskrit footnotes to the Bengali translation were later rendered into English during the course of Swami Vivekananda’s lecturing or writing. For the sake of interest, these English translations have also been added to the Swami’s restored footnote text. Otherwise, Sanskrit verses have been translated by the Publisher for the convenience of the reader.
BOOK I
Of the Imitation of Christ and Contempt of all the Vanities of the World
1. "He that followeth Me, walketh not in darkness", saith the Lord [John 8.12]. (The Imitation of Christ V.1.)
Swami Vivekananda's Footnote: Bhagavad-Gita 7.14
दैवी ह्येषा गुणमयी मम माया दुरत्यया ।
मामेव ये प्रपद्यन्ते मायामेतां तरन्ति ते ॥
दैवी ह्येषा गुणमयी मम माया दुरत्यया ।
मामेव ये प्रपद्यन्ते मायामेतां तरन्ति ते ॥
Swami Vivekananda's Translation: This My Mâyâ is divine, made up of qualities and very difficult to cross. Yet those who come unto Me, cross the river of life.
2. Let therefore our chief endeavour be to meditate upon the life of Jesus Christ. (The Imitation of Christ V.1.)
Swami Vivekananda's Footnote: Adhyâtma Râmâyana,
Uttara-Kanda 5.54 (RamaGita)
ध्यात्वैवमात्मानमहर्निशं मुनिः ।
तिष्ठॆत्सदा मुक्तसमस्तबन्धनः ॥
ध्यात्वैवमात्मानमहर्निशं मुनिः ।
तिष्ठॆत्सदा मुक्तसमस्तबन्धनः ॥
Publisher's Translation: Thus meditating upon the Self day and night, let the sage abide free from all bondage.
3. The doctrine of Christ exceedeth all the doctrines of holy men; and he that hath the Spirit will find therein the hidden manna. (The Imitation of Christ V.2.)
Swami Vivekananda's Footnote:
When the Israelites were afflicted by want of food in a desert, God showered on them a kind of "manna".
4. But it falleth out, that many who often hear the Gospel of Christ, are yet but little affected, because they are void of the Spirit of Christ. But whosoever would fully and feelingly understand the words of Christ, must endeavour to conform his life wholly to the life of Christ. (The Imitation of Christ V.2.)
Swami Vivekananda's Footnote (a): Bhagavad-Gita 2.29
श्रुत्वाप्येनं वेद न चैव कश्चित् ।
श्रुत्वाप्येनं वेद न चैव कश्चित् ।
Swami Vivekananda'S Translation: Others, hearing of It, do not understand.
न गच्छति विना पानं व्याधिरौषधशब्दतः ।
विनाऽपरॊक्षानुभवं ब्रह्मशब्दैर्न मुच्यतॆ ॥
न गच्छति विना पानं व्याधिरौषधशब्दतः ।
विनाऽपरॊक्षानुभवं ब्रह्मशब्दैर्न मुच्यतॆ ॥
Publisher's Translation: A disease does not leave the body by simply repeating the name of the medicine; one must take the medicine. Similarly, liberation does not come by merely saying the word Brahman. Brahman must be experienced.
श्रुतॆन किं यॆन न धर्ममाचरॆत् ।
श्रुतॆन किं यॆन न धर्ममाचरॆत् ।
Publisher's Translation: Of what avail is reading the Vedas without practising religion?
5. What will it avail thee to dispute profoundly of the Trinity if thou be void of humility and art thereby displeasing to the Trinity? (The Imitation of Christ V.3.)
Swami Vivekananda's Footnote:
According to the Christians, God the Father, Holy Ghost, and God the Son are One in three and Three in One.
6. Surely great words do not make a man holy and just; but a virtuous life maketh him dear to God. (The Imitation of Christ V.3.)
Swami Vivekananda's Footnote: Vivekachudamani 58
वाग्वैखरी शब्दझरी शास्त्रव्याख्यानकौशलम्।
वैदुष्यं विदुषां तद्वद् भुक्तयॆ न तु मुक्तये॥
वाग्वैखरी शब्दझरी शास्त्रव्याख्यानकौशलम्।
वैदुष्यं विदुषां तद्वद् भुक्तयॆ न तु मुक्तये॥
Swami Vivekananda's Translation: Wonderful methods of joining words, rhetorical powers, and explaining texts of the books in various ways — these are only for the enjoyment of the learned, and not religion.
7. If thou didst know the whole Bible by heart and the sayings of all the philosophers, what would it profit thee without the love of God and without grace? (The Imitation of Christ V.3.)
Swami Vivekananda's Footnote: [reference only]
—I Corinthians 13.2.
8. "Vanity of vanities, all is vanity" (Eccles.) except to love God and to serve Him only. (The Imitation of Christ V.3.)
Swami Vivekananda's Footnote: Maniratnamâlâ
कॆ सन्ति सन्तॊऽखिलवीतरागाः ।
अपास्तमॊहाः शिवतत्त्वनिष्ठाः ॥
कॆ सन्ति सन्तॊऽखिलवीतरागाः ।
अपास्तमॊहाः शिवतत्त्वनिष्ठाः ॥
Publisher's Translation: They alone are holy men (Sâdhus) who are devoid of any longing for worldly objects, free from delusion and are devoted to the truth of Shiva.
9. Call often to mind that proverb "The eye is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearing". (The Imitation of Christ V.5.)
Swami Vivekananda's Footnote: [reference only]
—Eccles. 1.8.
10. Endeavour, therefore, to withdraw thy heart from the love of visible things and to turn thyself to the invisible. For they that follow their lusts stain their own consciences and lose the grace of God. (The Imitation of Christ V.5.)
Swami Vivekananda's Footnote: Mahabharata, 2.63
न जातु कामः कामानुपभोगेन शाम्यति ।
हविषा कृष्णवर्त्मॆव भूय एवाभिवर्धते ॥
न जातु कामः कामानुपभोगेन शाम्यति ।
हविषा कृष्णवर्त्मॆव भूय एवाभिवर्धते ॥
Swami Vivekananda's Translation: Desire is never satisfied by the enjoyment of desires; it only increases the more, as fire when butter is poured upon it.
Of the Doctrine of Truth
11. What availeth it to cavil and dispute much about dark and hidden things; for ignorance of which we shall not be reproved at the day of judgement?(The Imitation of Christ V.1.)
Swami Vivekananda's Footnote:
According to the Christian view, God will judge all beings on the last day (the day of the dissolution of the world), and will award heaven or hell according to the virtues or vices of different individuals.
12. He to whom the Eternal Word speaketh is delivered from many an opinion.(The Imitation of Christ V.2.)
Swami Vivekananda's Footnote:
This Word is somewhat similar to the Maya of the Vedantists. This Itself was manifested in the form of Christ.
Of the Reading of Holy Scriptures
13. Truth, not eloquence, is to be sought for in Holy Scripture. Each part of the Scripture is to be read with the same Spirit wherewith it was written. (The Imitation of Christ V.1.)
नैषा तर्कॆण मतिरापनॆया ।
नैषा तर्कॆण मतिरापनॆया ।
Swami Vivekananda's Translation: Neither is the mind to be disturbed by vain arguments, for it is no more a question of argument; it is a question of fact.
14. Let not the authority of the writer offend thee, whether he be of great or small learning; but let the love of pure truth draw thee to read. (The Imitation of Christ V.1.)
आददीत शुभां विद्यां प्रयत्नादवरादपि ।
आददीत शुभां विद्यां प्रयत्नादवरादपि ।
Swami Vivekananda's Translation: Learn supreme knowledge with service even from the man of low birth.
Of Inordinate Affections
15. Whensoever a man desireth anything inordinately, he becometh presently disquieted in himself. (The Imitation of Christ V.1.)
Swami Vivekananda's Footnote: Bhagavad-Gita 2.67
इन्द्रियाणां हि चरतां यन्मनोऽनु विधीयते ।
तदस्य हरति प्रज्ञां वायुर्नावमिवाम्भसि ॥
इन्द्रियाणां हि चरतां यन्मनोऽनु विधीयते ।
तदस्य हरति प्रज्ञां वायुर्नावमिवाम्भसि ॥
Swami Vivekananda's Translation: For the mind which follows in the wake of the wandering senses carries away his discrimination as a wind (carries away from its course) a boat on the waters.
16. The proud and covetous can never rest. The poor and humble in spirit live together in all peace.
The man that is not yet perfectly dead to himself, is quickly tempted and overcome in small and trifling things. (The Imitation of Christ V.1.)
Swami Vivekananda's Footnote: Bhagavad-Gita 2.62-63
ध्यायतो विषयान्पुंसः संगस्तेषूपजायते ।
संगात्संजायते कामः कामात्क्रोधोऽभिजायते ॥
क्रोधाद्भवति संमोहः संमोहात्स्मृतिविभ्रमः ।
स्मृतिभ्रंशाद् बुद्धिनाशो बुद्धिनाशात्प्रणश्यति ॥
ध्यायतो विषयान्पुंसः संगस्तेषूपजायते ।
संगात्संजायते कामः कामात्क्रोधोऽभिजायते ॥
क्रोधाद्भवति संमोहः संमोहात्स्मृतिविभ्रमः ।
स्मृतिभ्रंशाद् बुद्धिनाशो बुद्धिनाशात्प्रणश्यति ॥
Publisher's Translation: By thinking about sense objects, attachment to them is formed. From attachment comes longing, and longing breeds anger. From anger comes delusion, and from delusion, confused memory. From confused memory comes the ruin of discrimination; and from the ruin of discrimination, a man perishes.
17. There is then no peace in the heart of a carnal man, nor in him that is addicted to outward things, but in the spiritual and devout man. (The Imitation of Christ V.2.)
Swami Vivekananda's Footnote: Bhagavad-Gita 2.60
यततो ह्यपि कौन्तेय पुरुषस्य विपश्चितः ।
इन्द्रियाणि प्रमाथीनि हरन्ति प्रसभं मनः ॥
यततो ह्यपि कौन्तेय पुरुषस्य विपश्चितः ।
इन्द्रियाणि प्रमाथीनि हरन्ति प्रसभं मनः ॥
Publisher's Translation: The turbulent senses, O son of Kunti, violently carry away the mind of even a wise man striving after perfection.
文本来自Wikisource公共领域。原版由阿德瓦伊塔修道院出版。