印度的宗教
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中文
印度的宗教
（《新发现》第二卷，第145-49、155-56页。）
以下是1894年夏季在缅因州格林艾克尔举行的每日晨间讲座的笔记，由艾玛·瑟斯比女士记录，后于纽约历史学会艾玛·瑟斯比女士的文件中被发现。为与《全集》风格保持一致，编辑时作了少量修改。
以下是1894年7月至8月辨喜（Vivekananda）在格林艾克尔"松林"下所作讲座的随机笔记。
斯瓦米之师名为罗摩克里希纳·帕罗汉萨。辨喜之名，意为"有意识的极乐"。
冥想是一种祈祷，祈祷亦是冥想。最高的冥想，是思无所思。若你能有片刻无念，巨大的力量便会随之而来。知识的全部秘诀在于专注。灵魂以全心爱神而得到最佳发展。灵魂是人内在的思维本原，心智不过是其功能。灵魂只是从精神（Spirit）通往心智的通道。
一切灵魂皆在嬉戏，有些是有意识地，有些是无意识地。宗教，就是学习有意识地嬉戏。
导师（Guru）即是你自身更高的自我。
追求最高，永远追求最高——因为最高处有永恒的极乐。若我去狩猎，我将猎取犀牛。若我去劫掠，我将劫掠国王的宝库。追求最高。
〔以下部分段落是斯瓦米对印度经典的自由译述，包括达达特雷亚的《阿瓦杜塔歌》。〕
若你知自己被束缚，你便被束缚；若你知自己自由，你便自由。我的心从未被此世的渴望所束缚；因为如同永恒的蓝天，我是知识、存在与极乐的本质。兄弟，为何哭泣？死亡与疾病皆不临汝。兄弟，为何哭泣？痛苦与不幸皆不属汝。兄弟，为何哭泣？变迁与死亡皆非汝之命定。汝乃绝对的存在。
我知梵（Brahman）为何，却无法向你言说。我不知梵为何，又如何向你言说？然而，兄弟，难道你不曾看见——汝即是祂，汝即是祂？何必四处寻梵？勿求，那便是梵。做你真实的自我——那无可言说、无可描述者，那在我们内心深处可以感知者，那超越一切比较、超越限制、不变如蓝天者。啊！学习认识那全然神圣者。别无所求。
在自然变化所不能触及之处，超越一切思维的思维，不变、不动，一切典籍所宣说、一切圣者所礼敬者——啊，神圣者！别无所求。
超越比较，无限的合一——无从比较。水在上，水在下，水在右，水在左。那水面上无波，无涟漪。一切寂静，一切永恒的极乐。如此将降临于你的内心。别无所求。汝是我们的父，我们的母，我们亲爱的友。汝承担此世之重。助我们承担生命之重。汝是我们的友，我们的爱人，我们的伴侣。汝即是我们自身。有四种人礼敬我：有人渴求尘世的欢娱，有人渴求财富，有人渴求宗教，有人因爱我而礼敬我。
真正的爱是为爱而爱。我不求健康，不求财富，不求生命，不求解脱（Moksha）。将我打入千层地狱，但让我为爱而爱你。伟大的王后弥拉·白（Mira Bai）传授了为爱而爱的教义。
我们当下的意识，不过是无限心智之海中的一小片。不要局限于这一意识。
发展灵魂有三大要素值得渴求：第一，人身之生；第二，对最高境界的渴求；第三，找到一位已达最高境界者——一位大圣者（Mahatma），其心智、言语与行为皆充满美德的甘露，其唯一的喜悦在于为宇宙行善，能将他人的美德——哪怕仅如芥子之大——视为山岳，由此扩展自身，助他人扩展。此即大圣者。
瑜伽（Yoga）一词，是英文"yoke"（轭）的词根之所在，意为"联结"——瑜伽意指"将我们自身与梵联结"——将我与我真实的自我联结。
一切如今自动或无意识发生的行为，曾经都是有意志的行为。我们的第一步，是认识这些自动行为——真正的用意在于重新激活所有自动行为并使之成为有意志的行为，将其带入意识之中。许多瑜伽士能够控制心脏的跳动。
回溯意识、找回已遗忘之事，是普通的能力，但这种能力可以提升。一切知识——所有的一切——都可以从内在意识中提取出来，而做到这一点，就是瑜伽（Yoga）。大多数行为与思维是自动的，或在意识背后运作。自动行为的中枢在延髓及脊髓。
问题在于，如何找到回归内在意识的道路。我们经由精神、灵魂、心智与身体而外显，如今必须从身体返回精神。首先，把握气（Prana，即呼吸）；其次，把握神经系统；再次，把握心智；最后，把握真我（Atman）或精神。然而在此努力中，我们对最高境界的渴求必须绝对真诚。
法则之法则是专注。首先，将体内所有神经能量与细胞中的一切力量汇聚为一股力量，并随意志导引。然后，将较为精细的物质——心智——汇聚至一个中心。心智层层叠叠。当汇聚的神经力量通过脊柱时，心智的一层便开启了。当它汇聚于某一骨节（神经丛，或曰"莲花"）时，世界的另一部分便开启了。如此从一个世界到另一个世界，直至触及大脑中央的松果体。这是潜在能量储存的中枢，是活动与静止两者的源泉。
从这一想法出发：我们能够在这个世界、在此生完成一切经历。我们必须立志在此生、在此刻达到完善。成功只属于那些想要在此刻、此生中做到这一点的人。它为这样的人所获得：他说，"信仰，无论如何我都静候信仰降临"。因此，继续前行，知晓你要在此刻完成一切。奋力拼搏，若仍未成功，你也无可指责。让世界赞美你或诋毁你。让大地所有的财富汇聚于你脚下，或让你成为世上最穷困之人。让死亡在此刻降临，或在数百年后降临。勿偏离你所走的路。一切善念都是不朽的，并成就着佛陀与基督。
法则不过是〔你〕将各种现象带入心智、加以〔表达〕的方式。法则是你把握物质现象并将之归于统一的方法。一切法则皆是在多样中发现统一。唯一的知识方法，是在物质、心智与精神三个层面上的专注；而将心智的力量集中起来，在多中发现一，这便是所谓知识。
一切促进合一的事物皆是道德的，一切促进分裂的事物皆是不道德的。认识那无有第二的唯一，这便是完善。那在一切中显现者，是宇宙的根基；一切宗教、一切知识，皆必归于此。
〔以下是艾玛·瑟斯比女士在斯瓦米格林艾克尔讲座末尾——1894年8月12日周日晨间——所记的零散笔记。〕
我是绝对的存在 昆达里尼
极乐绝对 圆圈 母
我即是祂，湿婆（Shivoham）
我即是祂，湿婆（Shivoham）
能见每个人的财产皆如无物者，乃是真正的智者。每个女人皆是他的母亲。
安提（Shanti）——安宁——
我们冥想赫里姆（Hrim）之荣耀（一个比贾真言，即种子真言，代表神圣母亲。）
母亲
佛教祈祷
我向大地上所有的圣者礼敬
我向宗教的创立者礼敬
向所有神圣的男女礼敬
向曾降临大地上的宗教先知们礼敬
印度教祈祷
我冥想此宇宙之创造者的荣耀 愿祂启迪我们的心智。
English
THE RELIGION OF INDIA
(New Discoveries, Vol. 2, pp. 145-49, 155-56.)
These notes of daily morning classes delivered at Greenacre, Maine, in the summer of 1894 and recorded by Miss Emma Thursby were discovered among Miss Emma Thursby’s papers at the New-York Historical Society. They have been lightly edited in order to conform to the style of the Complete Works.
Notes taken miscellaneously from discourses given by Swami Vivekananda under the "Pine" at Greenacre in July and August 1894.
The name of Swami's master was Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. The signification of Vivekananda is conscious bliss.
Meditation is a sort of prayer and prayer is meditation. The highest meditation is to think of nothing. If you can remain one moment without thought, great power will come. The whole secret of knowledge is concentration. Soul best develops itself by loving God with all the heart. Soul is the thinking principle in man, of which mind is a function. Soul is only the conduit from Spirit to mind.
All souls are playing, some consciously, some unconsciously. Religion is learning to play consciously.
The Guru is your own higher Self.
Seek the highest, always the highest, for in the highest is eternal bliss. If I am to hunt, I will hunt the rhinoceros. If I am to rob, I will rob the treasury of the king. Seek the highest.
[Some of the following passages are the Swami's free translations from Indian scriptures, including the Avadhuta-Gitâ of Dattâtreya.]
If you know you are bound [you are bound]; if you know you are free, you are free. My mind was never bound by yearnings of this world; for like the eternal blue sky, I am the essence of Knowledge, of Existence and of Bliss. Why weepest thou, Brother? Neither death nor disease for thee. Why weepest thou, Brother? Neither misery nor misfortune for thee. Why weepest thou, Brother? Neither change nor death was predicated of thee. Thou Art Existence Absolute.
I know what God is; I cannot speak [of] Him to you. I know not [what] God is; how can I speak [of] Him to you? But seest not thou, my brother, that thou wert He, thou wert He? Why go seeking God here and there? Seek not, and that is God. Be your own Self — One that cannot be confessed or described, One that can be perceived in our heart of hearts. One beyond all compare, beyond limit, unchangeable like the blue sky. Oh! learn the All Holy One. Seek for nothing else.
Where changes of nature cannot reach, thought beyond all thought, unchangeable, immovable, whom all books declare, all sages worship, O Holy One! Seek for nothing else.
Beyond compare, Infinite Oneness — no comparison is possible. Water above, water beneath, water on the right, water on the left. No wave on that water, no ripple. All silence, all eternal bliss. Such will come to thy heart. Seek for nothing else. Thou art our father, our mother, our dear friend. Thou bearest the burden of this world. Help us to bear the burden of our lives. Thou art our friend, our lover, our husband. Thou art ourselves. Four sorts of people worship Me. Some want the delights of the physical world. Some want money, some want religion. Some worship Me because they love Me.
Real love is love for love's sake. I do not ask health or money or life or salvation. Send me to a thousand hells, but let me love Thee for love's sake. Mirâ Bâi, the great queen, taught the doctrine of love for love's sake.
Our present consciousness is only a little bit of an infinite sea of mind. Do not be limited to this consciousness.
Three great things [are] to be desired to develop the soul: First, human birth; second, thirst for the highest; third, to find one who has reached the highest — a Mahâtmâ, one whose mind, word and deed are full of the nectar of virtue, whose only pleasure is in doing good to the universe, who looks upon others' virtues, be they only as a mustard seed, even as though they were a mountain, thus expanding his own self and helping others to expand. Thus is the Mahatma.
The word Yoga is the root of which our word yoke is a derivation — meaning "to join" — and Yoga means "joining ourselves with God" — joining me with my real Self.
All actions now involuntary or automatic were once voluntary, and our first step is to gain a knowledge of the automatic actions — the real idea being to revivify and make voluntary all automatic actions, to bring them into consciousness. Many Yogis can control the actions of their hearts.
To go back into consciousness and bring out things we have forgotten is ordinary power, but this can be heightened. All knowledge — all that — can be brought out of the inner consciousness, and to do this is Yoga. The majority of actions and thoughts is automatic, or acting behind consciousness. The seat of automatic action is in the medulla oblongata and down the spinal cord.
The question is, how to find our way back to our inner consciousness. We have come out through spirit, soul, mind, and body, and now we must go back from body to spirit. First, get hold of the air [breath], then the nervous system, then the mind, then the Atman, or spirit. But in this effort we must be perfectly sincere in desiring the highest.
The law of laws is concentration. First, concentrate all the nerve energies and all power lodged in the cells of the body into one force and direct it at will. Then bring the mind, which is thinner matter, into one center. The mind has layer after layer. When the nerve force concentrated is made to pass through the spinal column, one layer of the mind is open. When it is concentrated in one bone [plexus, or "lotus"], another part of the world is open. So from world to world it goes until it touches the pineal gland in the center of the brain. This is the seat of conservation of potential energy, the source of both activity and passivity.
Start with the idea that we can finish all experience in this world, in this incarnation. We must aim to become perfect in this life, this very moment. Success only comes to that life amongst men who wants to do this, this very moment. It is acquired by him who says, "Faith, I wait upon faith come what may". Therefore, go on knowing you are to finish this very moment. Struggle hard and then if you do not succeed, you are not to blame. Let the world praise or blame you. Let all the wealth of the earth come to your feet, or let you be made the poorest on earth. Let death come this moment or hundreds of years hence. Swerve not from the path you have taken. All good thoughts are immortal and go to make Buddhas and Christs.
Law is simply a means of [your] expression [of] various phenomena brought into your mind. Law is your method of grasping material phenomena and bringing them into unity. All law is finding unity in variety. The only method of knowledge is concentration on the physical, mental, and spiritual planes; and concentrating the powers of the mind to discover one in many, is what is called knowledge.
Everything that makes for unity is moral, everything that makes for diversity is immoral. Know the One without a second, that is perfection. The One who manifests in all is the basis of the universe; and all religion, all knowledge, must come to this point.
[The following are some of the disconnected notes taken by Miss Emma Thursby during the last of the Swami's Greenacre classes, delivered Sunday morning, August 12, 1894.]
I am Existence Absolute Kundalini
Bliss Absolute Circle mother I am He, Shivoham
I am He, Shivoham
He is the learned man who sees that every man's property is nothing. Every woman his Mother.
Shanti — peace —
We meditate on the Glory of Hrim (A Bija Mantra, or seed word, for the Divine Mother.)
Mother
Buddhistic Prayer
I bow to all the saint[s] on Earth
I bow down to the founders of Religion
to all holy men and women
Prophets of Religion
who have been on Earth
Hindu prayer
I meditate on the Glory of the producer of this Universe may He enlighten our minds.
文本来自Wikisource公共领域。原版由阿德瓦伊塔修道院出版。