印度的宗教
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中文
婆罗门僧侣斯瓦米·辨喜昨日下午在协会礼堂就「印度的宗教」发表演讲，旨在为第十六选区日托所筹款，听众颇众。
演讲者首先介绍了伊斯兰教徒的情况，他说伊斯兰教徒占总人口的五分之一。他们信仰《旧约》与《新约》，但耶稣基督在他们看来只是一位先知。他们没有教会组织，只有诵读《古兰经》的传统。
帕西人是另一个民族，他们称其圣典为《阿维斯陀》，信仰善恶两位交战的神祇——善神阿胡拉·马兹达与恶神阿里曼。他们相信善终将战胜恶。他们的道德准则可以概括为这几个字：「善念、善言、善行。」
正统的印度教徒将吠陀视为宗教经典。吠陀要求每个人遵守种姓习俗，但在宗教事务上给予他充分的自由思考的权利。他们的修行方式之一，是寻访某位圣人或先知，以汲取流经其身的灵性之流。
印度教徒有三种不同的宗教流派——二元论、限定不二论与不二论——这三种流派被视为每个人在其宗教发展历程中自然经历的阶段。
三者都信仰上帝，但二元论流派认为上帝与人是分离的存在，而不二论则宣称宇宙中只存在一种实在，这种统一的实在既非上帝亦非灵魂，而是超越两者之上的某种存在。
演讲者引用吠陀原典，以阐明印度教宗教的特质，并宣称要寻到上帝，必须探寻自己的内心。
宗教并不在于小册子或书籍；它在于省察人心，在其中寻获上帝与不朽的真理。「无论我喜悦谁，」吠陀曰，「我便使其成为先知。」而成为先知，便是宗教的全部所在。
演讲者在结尾描述了耆那教徒，他们对哑巴动物表现出非凡的慈悲，其道德律可以概括为这句话：「不伤害他者，是最高的善。」
English
THE RELIGIONS OF INDIA
(Boston Herald, May 17, 1894)
The Brahmin monk, Swami Vivekananda, lectured yesterday afternoon in Association Hall on "The Religions of India", in aid of the Ward 16 Day Nursery. There was a large attendance.
The speaker first gave an account of the Mahommedans, who formed, he said, one-fifth of the population. They believed in both Old and New Testaments, but Jesus Christ they regarded only as a prophet. They had no church organization, though there was reading of the Koran.
The Parsees, another race, called their sacred book the Zend-Avesta, and believed in two warring deities, Armuzd the good and Ahriman the evil. They believed that finally the good would triumph over the evil. Their moral code was summed up in the words: "Good thought, good words, good deeds."
The Hindus proper looked up to the Vedas as their religious scripture. They held each individual to the customs of caste, but gave him full liberty to think for himself in religious matters. A part of their method was to seek out some holy man or prophet in order to take advantage of the spiritual current that flowed through him.
The Hindus had three different schools of religion — the dualistic, the qualified monistic and the monistic — and these three were regarded as stages through which each individual naturally passed in the course of his religious development.
All three believed in God, but the dualistic school believed that God and man were separate entities, while the monistic declared that there was only one existence in the universe, this unitary existence teeing neither God nor soul, but something beyond.
The lecturer quoted from the Vedas to show the character of the Hindu religion, and declared that, to find God, one must search one's own heart.
Religion did not consist of pamphlets or books; it consisted of looking into the human heart, and finding there the truths of God and immortality. "Whomsoever I like," said the Vedas, "him I create a prophet," and to be a prophet was all there was of religion.
The speaker brought his lecture to a close by giving an account of the Jains, who show remarkable kindness to dumb animals, and whose moral law is summed up in the words: "Not to injure others is the highest good."
文本来自Wikisource公共领域。原版由阿德瓦伊塔修道院出版。