爱的形式——显现
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中文
第四章
爱的形式——显现
以下是爱显现自身的若干形式。首先是敬畏。为何人们对寺庙与圣地表示礼敬？因为祂在那里被崇拜，祂的临在与这些地方相联系。为何世界各地的人们对宗教导师（Guru）表示礼敬？这对于人类心灵而言是自然的，因为所有这样的导师都宣讲主。归根结底，敬畏是从爱中生长出来的；我们谁也无法敬畏我们所不爱之人。其次是"喜乐"（Priti）——在神中的愉悦。人们从感官对象中获取何等巨大的快乐。他们愿走遍任何地方，穿越任何危险，只为得到他们所爱之物、他们感官所喜好之物。虔信者所需要的，正是这种强烈的爱——只是这爱必须被引向神。然后是最甜蜜的苦楚，即"离愁"（Viraha）——因挚爱者缺席而产生的剧烈痛苦。当一个人因为尚未证得神、尚未认识那唯一值得认识之物而感到强烈的痛苦与不满，几近于发狂——这便是离愁；这种心境使他在一切非其挚爱之物的陪伴中都感到不安（Ekarativichikitsa）。在世俗的爱中，我们常可看见这种离愁的出现。当男女之间真正地、强烈地相爱时，他们会自然地对一切他们所不爱之人感到某种厌烦。当至上虔信（Para-Bhakti）主宰了心灵，对非所爱之物的同样的不耐烦感便会袭来心头；甚至连谈论非神之事也变得令人厌倦。"唯思念祂，唯思念祂，舍弃一切空洞之言"（अन्या वाचो विमुंचथ）——虔信者发现，唯有那些谈论祂的人对他而言才是亲近之人；而那些谈论任何其他事物的人，在他看来都显得疏远。爱的更高境界，是当生命本身为了那唯一的爱之理想而得以维系，当生命本身唯因那爱而被视为美丽与值得活下去（तदर्थप्राणसंस्थानं）。若无那爱，这样的生命连片刻也无法延续。生命是甜美的，因为它思念着挚爱者。
"归属于祂"（Tadiyata）到来之时，一个人依照虔信达于完美——当他蒙受祝福、证得了神、似乎触碰到神的足迹之时。那时，他的整个本性被净化而彻底转化。他在生命中的一切目的由此圆满实现。然而，许多这样的虔信者仍活在世间，只是为了崇拜祂而活。那便是他们在生命中唯一不肯放弃的福祉与喜乐。"噢，国王，诃利的这种蒙福特质，使得那些对一切已感满足的人、那些心中一切结缚都已被斩断的人，也同样为了爱而爱着主"——那位主，"一切天神（Deva）都向其礼拜——所有渴望解脱者与知晓梵（Brahman）者"（यं सर्वे देवा नमन्ति मुमुक्षवो ब्रह्मवादिनश्चेति，《Nri. Tap. Up.》）。爱的力量如此！当一个人完全忘却了自我，不再感到任何事物属于他，他便获得了"归属于祂"的境界；对他而言，万事万物都是神圣的，因为它们都属于挚爱者。即使是世俗的爱，恋人也认为属于其心上人的一切都是神圣而亲切的。他甚至会爱上属于所爱之人的一块布片。同样，当一个人爱主时，整个宇宙对他来说都变得亲切，因为那一切都是祂的。
English
CHAPTER IV
THE FORMS OF LOVE — MANIFESTATION
Here are some of the forms in which love manifests itself. First there is reverence. Why do people show reverence to temples and holy places? Because He is worshipped there, and His presence is associated with all such places. Why do people in every country pay reverence to teachers of religion? It is natural for the human heart to do so, because all such teachers preach the Lord. At bottom, reverence is a growth out of love; we can none of us revere him whom we do not love. Then comes Priti — pleasure in God. What an immense pleasure men take in the objects of the senses. They go anywhere, run through any danger, to get the thing which they love, the thing which their senses like. What is wanted of the Bhakta is this very kind of intense love which has, however, to be directed to God. Then there is the sweetest of pains, Viraha, the intense misery due to the absence of the beloved. When a man feels intense misery because he has not attained to God, has not known that which is the only thing worthy to be known, and becomes in consequence very dissatisfied and almost mad — then there is Viraha; and this state of the mind makes him feel disturbed in the presence of anything other than the beloved (Ekarativichikitsâ). In earthly love we see how often this Viraha comes. Again, when men are really and intensely in love with women or women with men, they feel a kind of natural annoyance in the presence of all those whom they do not love. Exactly the same state of impatience in regard to things that are not loved comes to the mind when Para-Bhakti holds sway over it; even to talk about things other than God becomes distasteful then. "Think of Him, think of Him alone, and give up all other vain words" अन्या वाचो विमुंचथ। — Those who talk of Him alone, the Bhakta finds to be friendly to him; while those who talk of anything else appear to him to be unfriendly. A still higher stage of love is reached when life itself is maintained for the sake of the one Ideal of Love, when life itself is considered beautiful and worth living only on account of that Love (तदर्थप्राणसंस्थानं) . Without it, such a life would not remain even for a moment. Life is sweet, because it thinks of the Beloved. Tadiyatâ (His-ness) comes when a man becomes perfect according to Bhakti — when he has become blessed, when he has attained God, when he has touched the feet of God, as it were. Then his whole nature is purified and completely changed. All his purpose in life then becomes fulfilled. Yet many such Bhaktas live on just to worship Him. That is the bliss, the only pleasure in life which they will not give up. "O king, such is the blessed quality of Hari that even those who have become satisfied with everything, all the knots of whose hearts have been cut asunder, even they love the Lord for love's sake" — the Lord "Whom all the gods worship — all the lovers of liberation, and all the knowers of the Brahman" — यं सर्वे देवा नमन्ति मुमुक्षवो ब्रह्मवादिनश्चेति (Nri. Tap. Up.). Such is the power of love. When a man has forgotten himself altogether, and does not feel that anything belongs to him, then he acquires the state of Tadiyata; everything is sacred to him, because it belongs to the Beloved. Even in regard to earthly love, the lover thinks that everything belonging to his beloved is sacred and so dear to him. He loves even a piece of cloth belonging to the darling of his heart In the same way, when a person loves the Lord, the whole universe becomes dear to him, because it is all His.
文本来自Wikisource公共领域。原版由阿德瓦伊塔修道院出版。